INTRODUCTION:

Hyperlipidemia is one of the crucial risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis subsequent cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis or (atheroma) is an accumulation of lipids (mostly cholesterol), blood components, calcium deposits in the arteries with passage of time these deposits can get larger harder forming athermanous plaques atherosclerosis can provoke angina pectoris myocardial infraction (disease of the heart), arthritis of the lower limbs (or) cerebral vascular attack (affecting the arteries of the brain). Atherosclerosis is a major health problem of middle late adulthood various risk factors have been sited for its for its occurrence e.g sex, family history, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus etc. Atherosclerotic plaque involves a number of interrelated events, including modulation of the normal functioning of the vessel wall endothelium, an alteration in its permeability entrapment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) within the vessel wall its oxidative modification (Ross, 1993). Among various chemical agent, carbon tetrachloricle (CCl₄) has been thoroughly studied for its hepatotoxic properties. Which in turn increase the accumulation fat in the liver leads to hyperlinidemia C. rotundus is a trational medicinal Japanease natural drugs home remedy for indigestion disorder of stomach irritation of bowel. (Dassanayake fosberg, 1985; Jase Lapenta, 2000).

Oral administration of powder of Cyperou rotundus rhizome, 1gm. Twile daily in 64 patients of obesity produced significant reduction in their body weight, blood pressure of hypertensive obese patients (Bambhole VD & Jiddewar 1984).

The present work was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of Cyperous rotundus , the following biochemical parameters were used to access the hypolipidemic activity of Cyperous rotundus .

 Determine the lipid profile

 Analyse liver marker enzyme.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Plant material preparation of drug: The Rhizome of Cyperous rotundus was purchased from local Traditional medical shop at Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The Rhizome were dried make a fine powder. The fine powder of Cyperous Rotundus rhizome was dissolved in distilled water just before oral administration.

Experimental Designs: Male albino rats of Wistar strain approximately weighing 150-125g were used in this study. Body weights of the animals were recorded they were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each as follows The Experimental protocol was subjected to the scrutiny of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee was cleared by the same before starting.

Group 1: Normal control rats were fed with stard diet served as a vehicle control, which received liquid paraffin at the dose of 3.0 ml/kg intraperitonially.

Group 2: Rats were induced with hepatocellular damage by receiving suspension of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in liquid paraffin (1:2, v/v, 1ml of CCl₄ i.p./kg body weight) once in alternate days for15 consecutive days.

Group 3: Rats were treated with Cyperous rotundus orally (through intragastric tube) at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for every day in addition to CCl₄ suspension for alternate days for 15consecutive days.

Collection of samples:

On completion of the experimental period, animals were anaesthetized with thiopentone sodium (50mg/kg). The blood was collected without EDTA as anticoagulant; Serum was separated by centrifugation used for various biochemical analysis.

Biochemical Parameter:

On completion of the experimental period, animals were anaesthetized with thiopentone sodium (50mg/kg). The blood was collected without EDTA as anticoaguiant: serum was separated by centrifugation used for various biochemical analyses such as lipid profile (Werner 1981; Allain, 1974; Friedewad’s 1972) liver enzyme (Reitman Frankel 1957).

Statistical Analysis

The results were presented as mean  SD. Data was statistically analyzed using student “t” test. P. values set as lower than 0.001, 01, 0.5 were considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Cyperous rotundus significantly decreased in the activity of SGOT  SGPT when compared to untreated animals.

TABLE – I Effect of Cyperous rotundus on SGOT SGPT

	Group I	Group II	Group III
SGOT (IU/dl)	28.72±3.01	58.66±6.32	30.20±4.01
SGPT (IU/dl)	26.1±2.10	65.32±3.61	25.29±2.10

Values were expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group Significantly different from Group II.

TABLE – II Biochemical parameters of Cyperous rotundus against ccl4 induced Dyslipidemia

Parameters	Group I	Group II	Group III
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	133.58±10.21	218.6±15.68	144±5.30
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	91.05±7.16	233.33±9.73	81.01±6.09
LDL Cholestero (mg/dl)	81.01±8.76	108.13±10.94	87.76±9.84
VLDL Choleste (mg/dL)	27.74±2.75	126.6±12.16	30.15±3.01
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	24.78±2.12	16.66±1.09	25.33±1.50

Values were expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group.

Significantly different from group II.

The concentration of the enzymes released reflects the severity of the damage. SGOT, SGPT are enzymes normally present in the liver, heart, muscles blood cells. They are basically located within hepatocytes. So when liver cells are damaged or die transaminases are released into blood stream, where they can be measured they are therefore of index of liver injury (Reitman Frankel, 1957). In the present study, the increased activity of SGOT SGPT in CCl₄ intoxicated rats as compared with control rats. This elevated activity of these enzymes in CCl₄ induced rats due to mild inflammation in the liver. Administration of Cyperous rotundus significantly decreased the activity of SGOT, SGPT in CCl₄ induced rats.

Cyperous rotundus significantly decreased in the level of LDL, increase the level of HDL when compared to untreated. The increased serum cholesterol levels in CCl₄ induced rats were attributable mainly to an increase in cholesterol in the LDL fraction. This observation is consistent with the finding that hypercholesterolemia was caused by LDL HDL. Serum LDL cholesterol levels are known to be regulated by receptor mediated clearance of the lipoprotein (Ginsberg, 1998), so the increase of serum LDL-C in CCl₄ induced rats is thought to be caused by the reduction of catabolic pathways. High levels of LDL cholesterol show a positive correlation with atherosclerosis, whereas high levels of HDL cholesterol have a negative correlation. HDL inhibits the uptake of LDL by the arterial wall facilitates the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver, where its catabolised excreted from the body (Buring et al., 1992). Administration of Cyperous rotundus significantly restored in the level of lipid profile in CCl₄ induced rats rats.

CONCLUSION:

Liver regulates various important metabolic functions. Hapatic damages are associated with destortion of these metabolic functions. Liver disease is still a worldwide health problem. Unfortunately, or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of liver disease are inadequate sometime can have serious side effects.

Several plants products are known to exhibits creditable medicinal properties for the treatment of heart ailment need to be explored to identify their potential application in prevention therapy of human aliments. The present study evaluated the hypolipidemic activity of Cyusperous rotundus. Supplementation with Cyuspeous rotundus on ccl4 intoxicated rats exerts the following result.

 Restored the lipid profile such as cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, VLDL LDL cholesterol.

 Maintained the liver functions through the maintenance of liver markers SGOT SGPT.

Thus Cyperous rotundus treatment proved to be effective in reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation improves the lipid profile. The potential hypolipidmic activity of Cyperous rotundus may be due to presence of phenolic groups.

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Received on 19.04.2012 Accepted on 20.05.2012

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2(2): April-June 2012; Page 51-53