INTRODUCTION:

Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney problems and occurs when body is exposed to a drug or toxin. When kidney damage occurs, body unable to rid of excess urine and wastes from the body and blood electrolytes (such as potassium and magnesium) will all become elevated. A number of therapeutic agents can adversely affect the kidney resulting in acute renal failure, chronic intestinal nephritis and nephritic syndrome because increasing number of potent therapeutic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and NSAIDs have been added to the therapeutic arsenal in recent years. Exposure to chemical reagents like ethylene glycol, carbon tetra chloride, sodium oxalate and heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium also induces nephrotoxicity.¹

Many plants have been used for the treatment of kidney failure in traditional system of medicine throughout the world. Indeed along with the dietary measures, plant preparation formed the basis of the treatment of the disease until the introduction of allopathic medicine. Traditional knowledge will serve as a powerful search engine and most importantly, will greatly facilitate intentional, focused and safe natural products research to rediscover the drug discovery process.

Therefore, search of nephroprotective herbs from medicinal plants has become important and need of the day.² Therefore article shows a review on some reported antidiabetic medicinal plants (with their botanical name, Family and part used).

Table no 1 List of plants having nephroprotective activity^3-33

Sl. no	Plant name	Family	Part used
1	Abelmoschus esculentus	Malvaceae	Fruits, seeds, root
2	Abrus precatorious	Leguminosea	Roots, leaves
3	Abutilon indicum	Malvaceae	Roots, bark
4	Acacia Arabica	Rubaceae	Leaves
5	Acacia catechu	Rubaceae	Bark
6	Acacia Sinuate	Rubaceae	Bark
7	Achilla millefolium	Compositae	Whole plant
8	Achyranthes aspera	Amaranthaceae	Root bark
9	Acorus calamus	Araceae	Aerial parts
10	Adianthum lunulatum	Polypodiaceae	Leaves
11	Aegle marmelos	Rutaceae	Leaves
12	Aerva javanica	Amaranthaceae	Fresh roots
13	Aerva lanata	Amaranthaceae	Whole plant
14	Alangium salvifolium	Alanglaceae	Bulb
15	Allium cepa	Liliaceae	Bulb
16	Amaranthus spinosus	Amaranthaceae	Root
17	Andrographis paniculata	Acanthaceae	Root
18	Andropogon muricatus	Graminae	Leaves, flower
19	Annona squamosa	Annonaceae	Leaves, seeds
20	Anogeissus latifolia	Combretaceae	Bark, root
21	Anthoxanthum odoratum	Poaceae	Aerial parts
22	Apium graveolens	Umbelliferae	Root
23	Arachis hypogaea	Fabaceae	Seeds
24	Arctium lappa	Compositae	Root
25	Asclepias syriaca	Asclepiadaceae	Root
26	Asparagus racemosus	Meliaceae	Roots
27	Atropa belladona	Solanaceae	Root
28	Avuri kudineer	Fabaceae	Leaves
29	Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Leaves
30	Bacopa monnieri	Scrophulariaceae	Leaves
31	Balanites roxburg	Simarubiacea	Root, fruit
32	Baliospermum monatum	Euphorbiaceae	Root, leaves, seeds
33	Bambusa bamboo	Arundinaceae	Leaves
34	Bambusa nutans	Arundinaceae	Leaves
35	Barleria prionotis	Acanthaceae	Flowers, leaves
36	Basella alba	Basellaceae	Leaves
37	Bauhinia variegata	Fabaceae	Stem
38	Benincasa	Cucurbitaceae	Fruit, seeds
39	Boerhaavia diffusa	Nyctaginaceae	Whole plant
40	Bombax ceiba	Bombacaceae	Fruits
41	Boswellia serrata	Frankincense	Gum
42	Brassica oleraccia	Brassicaceae	Leaves
43	Brassica oleraccia	Brassicaceae	Leaves
44	Bridelia retusa	Phyllanthaceae	Bark
45	Cajanus cajan	Fabaceae	Leaves, seeds
46	Canarium schweinfurthii	Poaceae	Stem bark
47	Cardiospermum helicacabum	Sapindaceae	Root, leaves
48	Carica papaya	Caricaceae	Fruits
49	Cassia absus	Leguminoseae	Seeds, leaves
50	Cassia auriculata	Fabaceae	Root
51	Cassia fistula	Leguminoseae	Leaves
52	Cayratia carnosa	Vitaceae	Leaves
53	Chelidonium jajus	Papaveraceae	Flowers
54	Clitoria ternatea	Papilionaceae	Aerial parts
55	Cocos nucifera L.	Arecaceae	Fruits, seeds, Leaves
56	Commiphora mukul	Burseraceae	Gum
57	Cordia dichotoma	Boraginaceae	Fruits
58	Crataeva nurvula	Capparidaceae	Fruit
59	Crataeva nurvula	Capparaceae	Stem bark
60	Cucurbita pepo	Cucurbitaceae	Seeds
61	Curculigo orchioides	Amartllidaceae	Roots
62	Curcuma longa	Zingeberaceae	Rhizome
63	Cynodon dactylon	Gramineae	Roots
64	Cyperus rotundus	Cyperaceae	Rhizome
65	Datura metal	Solanaceae	Leaves, flower
66	Daucus carota	Apiaceae	Root, leaves
67	Desmodium gangeticum	Fabaceae	Root
68	Dichrostachys cinera	Mimioseae	Root
69	Digitalis purpurea	Scrophulariaceae	Leaves
70	Dioscorea lanata	Dioscoreaceae	Whole plant
71	Diospyros lotus	Ebenaceae	Seeds
72	Dolichos biflorus	Leguminoseae	Seeds
73	Elephantophus scaber	Asteraceae	Leaves
74	Elettaria cardamomum	Zingiberaceae	Seeds
75	Emblica officinalis	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit
76	Ficus hispida	Moraceae	Fruits
77	Ficus religiosa	Moraceae	Latex
78	Foeniculum vulgare	Apiaceae	Seeds, flowers
79	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Fabaceae	Rhizome
80	Gossypium arboretum	Malvaceae	Leaves
81	Gymnema sylvestre	Asclepiadaceae	Leaves, whole plant
82	Haldina cordifolia	Rubiaceae	Bark
83	Helianthus annus	Compositae	Seeds, Root, leaves
84	Hemidesmus indicus	Asclepiadaceae	Root, leaves, seeds
85	Hibiscus sabdariffa	Malvaceae	Leaves
86	Holarrhena antidysenterica	Apocynaceae	Bark, seeds
87	Humulus lupulns	Cannabidaceae	Fruits
88	Hygrophila auriculata	Acanthaceae	Roots, leaves
89	Indigofera aspalathoides	Fabaceae	Stems
90	Indigofera barberi	Fabaceae	Whole plant
91	Ipomoea digitata	Convolvulaceae	Root
92	Jasmium grandiflorum	Oleaceae	Leaves
93	Kalanchoepinnata pars	Crassulaceae	Leaves
94	Kigelia africana	Bignoniaceae	Matured fruits
95	Lanata camara	Verbenaceae	Roots
96	Lawsonia inermis	Lythraceae	Roots, leaves, seeds
97	Lepidium sativum	Brassicaceae	Seeds
98	Leptadenia reticulata	Asclepiadaceae	Root
99	Linum usitatissimum	Linaceae	Roots, Seed
100	Macrothelypteris oligophlebia	Thelypteridaceae	Rhizome
101	Mangifera indica	Anacardiaceae	Leaves
102	Mentha arvensis	Labiatae	Leaves
103	Merremia emarginata	Convohrelaceae	Whole plant
104	Mesua ferrea	Guttiferae	Seed
105	Michelia champaca	Magnoliaceae	Leaves
106	Mimosa pudica	Leguminaceae	Leaves, root
107	Momordica dioica	Meliaceae	Root
108	Monochoria vaginalis	Pontederiaceae	Aerial parts
109	Morinda citrifolia	Rubiaceae	Fruit
110	Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Flowers
111	Mucana prursiens	Leguminoseae	Seeds, Root
112	Mucuna adana	Leguminoseae	Seeds, Root
113	Murraya koienigii	Rutaceae	Leaves, Root
114	Musa paradisiaca	Musaceae	Seeds
115	Nelumbium nucifera	Nelumbonaceae	Rhizome, seeds, flowers, leaves
116	Nerium indicum	Apocynaceae	Root, leaves
117	Nigella sativa	Rannunculaceae	Whole plant
118	Nyctanthes arbor-tristis	Oleaceae	Leaves
119	Ocimum basilicum	Lamiaceae	Leaves
120	Ocimum canum	Lamiaceae	Leaves
121	Ocimum sanctum	Lamiaceae	Whole plant
122	Orchis latifolia	Orchidaceae	Whole plant
123	Orthosiphon stamineus	Laminaceae	Whole plant
124	Oryza saliva	Gramineae	Seeds
125	Ougeinia oojeinensis	Fabaceae	Bark
126	Paederia foetida	Rubiaceae	Root, leaves
127	Panax ginseng	Araliaceae	Root
128	Pandanus odoratissimus	Pandanaceae	Leaves
129	Pedalium murex	Pedaliaceae	Seeds, leaves
130	Phaseolus mungo	Leguminoseae	seeds
131	Phyllanthus niruri	Euphorbiaceae	Seeds
132	Phyllanthus reticulates	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves
133	Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.	Euphorbiaceae	Seeds
134	Picrohiza kurroa	Scrophulariaceae	Rhizome
135	Pimpinella anisum	Umbelliferae	Leaves
136	Piper cubeba	Piperaceae	Seeds
137	Piper nigrum	Piperaceae	Seeds
138	Plectranthus amboinicus	Lamiaceae	Leaves
139	Prosthechea michuacana	Orchidaceae	Bulbs
140	Psidium guajava	Myrtaceae	Leaves
141	Rhazya stricta	Apocynaceae	Leaves
142	Saccharum officianarum	Poaceae	Seeds, root
143	Salix caprea	Salicaceae	Flowers
144	Salviae radix	Lamiaceae	Whole plant
145	Santalum album	Santalaceae	Root
146	Saracca indica	Leguminosae	Leaves, seeds
147	Securinega leucopyrus	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves
148	Sida cordifolia	Malvaceae	Root
149	Solanum indicum	Solanaceae	Whole plant
150	Solanum nigrum	Solanaceae	Whole plant
151	Solanum surattense	Solanaceae	Fruit, Flower
152	Solanum xanthocarpum	Solanaceae	Root
153	Solena amplexicaulis	Umbellifera	Root
154	Sorgham vulagare	Graminae	Seeds
155	Spathodea campanulata	Bignoniaceae	Bark
156	Sphaeranthus indicus	Compositae	Leaves, flower
157	Strychnos potatorum	Loganiaceae	Seeds
158	Tamarindus indica	Caesalpinaceae	Leaves, flower
159	Tectona grandis	Verbenaceae	Whole plant
160	Tephrosia purpurea	Fabaceae	Leaves
161	Terminalia chebula	Combretaceae	Seeds
162	Tribulus sativus	Zygophyllaceae	Fruit
163	Tribulus terrestris	Zygophyllaceae	Whole plant
164	Urtica dioica	Urticaceae	Roots
165	Vernonia antheimintica	Asteraceae	Fruits
166	Vernonia cinerea	Asteraceae	Aerial parts
167	Vigna mungo	Fabaceae	Seeds
168	Vitis vinifera	Vitaceae	Fruits
169	Withania somnifera	Solanaceae	Leaves
170	Zingiber officinale	Zinziberaceae	Rhizome
171	Zizyphus rugosa	Rhamnaceae	Leaves

CONCLUSION:

It is aimed to record medicinal folk-lore for curing nephrotoxicity that exists in threatening stage. In India ayurvedic referred system, several herbs are prescribed for reducing renal damage and to avoid kidney related complications. These can be immense value in combating renal damage. In this paper, we have attempted to use our best endeavors of indigenous herbs to alternative medicine of renal damage.

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Received on 22.04.2013 Accepted on 07.06.2013

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2013; Vol. 3: Issue 3, Pg 117-120