A Review on Tridax procumbens Linn
Chaudhari R. D*, Girase P. R, Suryawanshi H. P, Pawar S. P.
P. S. G. V. P. Mandal’s, College of Pharmacy, Shahada (MS)
*Corresponding Author E-mail: hemant.surya@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Tridax procumbens Linn belongs to the family Asteraceae. The various extracts of Tridax procumbens have been used as indigenous medicine for a variety of diseases and disorders in human beings as well as animals. It has been extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for wound healing, as anticoagulant, in fungal infection, in diarrhea and dysentery, as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. Leaf extracts are used to treat infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is also dispensed as ‘Bhringraj’ which is well known ayurvedic medicine for liver disorders. Plants contain phenols or their oxygen substituted derivatives which are mostly secondary metabolites. At least 12,000 have been isolated. These substances serve as plant defense mechanisms against predation by microbes, insects, herbivores. It also contains terpenoides and flavoring agents etc.
INTRODUCTION:
Tridax procumbens is a species of flowering plant belonging to family Asteraceae and is the most potent species among 30 species. It is best known as widespread weed and pest plant. It is native to the tropical Americas but it has been introduced to tropical, subtropical and mild temperate regions worldwide. It is listed as a noxious weed in the United States and has a pest status. Some of the medicinally important species of the genus Tridax are: T. angustifolia, T. serboana, T. bicolor, T. accedens, T. dubia, T. erecta and T. rosea. procumbens, commonly known as coat buttons or tridax daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is best known as a widespread weed and pest plant. It is native to the tropical Americas but it has been introduced to tropical, subtropical, and mild temperate regions worldwide.
Traditionally, Tridax procumbens has been in use in India for wound healing, as anticoagulant, antifungal and insect repellent. It is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Its leaf extracts were known to treat infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is a well-known ayurvedic medicine for liver disorders or hepato-protective nature besides gastritis and heart burn. A study was carried out to verify the claims wherein tribal inhabitants of Udaipur district, Rajasthan were using the plant for treatment of diabetes. It was concluded that the results were comparable to that of reference standard Glibenclamide and the Tridax procumbens flower extract showed antidiabetic properties[1, 2, 3].
Description:
The plant bears white or yellow flowers with three toothed ray florets. The leaves are toothed and generally anchor shaped. Its fruit is hard achene covered with stiff hairs and having a feathery, plume like white pappus at one end. Calyx is represented by scales or reduced to pappus. The plant is invasive in part because it produces so many of these achenes, up to 1500 per plant and each achene can catch the wind in its pappus and be carried to some distance. This weed can be found in fields, meadows, crop lands, disturbed areas, lawns and roadsides in areas with tropical or semitropical climate[1] A survey of literature revealed isolation of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, isoflavonoids, steroids, saponins, lipids, phospholipids, resins, sterols, reducing sugars, phenols, anthraquinone and catechol [2].
INDIAN NAMES:[4]
Hindi Ghamra.
Sanskrit Jayanti Veda.
Marathi Dagadi Pala and Ghav Pala,
Telugu Gaddi Chemanthi.
Tamil Thatapoodu.
Malayalam Chiravanak.
TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION:[5]
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Superdivision: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Superorder: Asteranae
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Tridax L-tridax
Species: Tridax procumbens L.
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Fig. 1 Flowers of Tridax procumbens |
Fig 2: Leaves of Tridax procumbens |
TRADITIONAL USES:
Traditionally, Tridax procumbens has been in use in India for wound healing and as an anticoagulant, antifungal, and insect repellent. The juice extracted from the leaves is directly applied on wounds. Its leaf extracts were used for infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine for liver disorders, hepato protection, gastritis, and heartburn. Tridax procumbens is also used as treatment for boils, blisters, and cuts by local healers in parts of India [5].
Distribution:
The plant is native of tropical America and naturalized in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, and India. It is a wild herb distributed throughout India. It is also found along road sides, waste grounds, dikes, river banks, meadows and dunes[6].
Propagation:
It is not possible to micropropagate it through vegetative means for example cuttings. Propagation through seeds causes variations. Methods have been developed for its ex-situ conservation through micropropagation. Its wide distribution is due to spreading stems and abundant seed production[6].
Morphological features:
Tridax procumbens L. is a small perennial herb having short, hairy blade like leaves. Corolla is yellow in colour. It is a common weed grows in open places, coarse textured soils of tropical regions, sunny dry localities, fields, waste areas, meadows and dunes. It is a semi prostate, annual, creeper herb[7].
Biology:
The perennial herb reproduces by seed and requires full exposure for growth. The herb is tolerant to drought, heat and humidity, pollution, seashore, slope and wind[7]
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
The phytochemical study revealed presence of flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins.The adjacent profile shows that the plant is rich in sodium, potassium and calcium [8]. Leaf of Tridax procumbens mainly contains proteins, fiber, carbohydrates, and calcium oxide. Whereas the fumaric acid and tannin has also been reported in the plant.[9] Oleanolic acid was obtained in good amounts fromTridax and found to be a potential antidiabetic agent when tested against a glucosidase[10]. Anumber of chemical constituent were reported from the plant that are alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, fumaric acid, lauric acid, tannins etc. The medicinal values of the plants depend on the presence of certain chemical substances (secondary metabolites) that are involvedin production of different kinds of effects on human body.Some compounds are responsible to give plants the irs pecificodorsando ther sare responsible for imparting different colours to plants.[11]
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:
1. Wound Healing [12]
2. Hepatoprotective[13]
3. Immunomodulatory[14]
4. Antidiabetic Activity [15]
5. Antimicrobial Activity [16]
6.Anti-Cancerous Activity [17]
7. Hypotensive[18]
8. Repellency Activity[19, 20]
9. Anti-Urolithiatic Activity[21]
10. Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activity[22]
11. Anthelmintic Activity [17]
CONCLUSION:
Tridax procumbens is commonly regarded as weed in most part of Africa continents and are known for its pharmacological activity. The application of the plant are immense such as pharmacological activities, hepatoprotective effect, immunomodulating property, wound healing activity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, bronchial catarrh, diarrheal and dysentery. Analysis revealed the presence of the biomolecules such as anthraquinone, catachol, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpernoids.
Tridax procumbens also desire development of novel therapeutic agents from the various types of compounds with diverse pharmacologic properties isolated from it. Therefore, more work (study) should be encouraged in direction of more pharmacological activities of Tridax procumbens and to elucidate the structures of the phytochemicals responsible for the therapeutic properties of the plant.
It is an important component of “Bhringraj” in Ayurveda. In future, there isgreat scope inresearch for this plant.
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Received on 24.07.2018 Accepted on 25.08.2018
© Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved
Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2018; 8 (3):158-160.
DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2018.00025.9