INTRODUCTION:[1] [2] [3][4]
Guava are used for health purpose:
Immunity booster:
Guavas are rich source of vitamin C and it contains 4 times vitamin C than any other citrus fruits. Vitamins C helps in Immunity improvement and also protect against common infections and pathogen
Decrease risk of cancer:
Lycopene, quercetin vitamin C and other polyphenols act as potent antioxidants which neutralize free radicals generated in body and prevent growth of cancer. It have been found that guavas inhibit the risk of breast cancer
Diabetes maintained:
Due to rich fibre contain it has low glycemic index guavas prevents the development of diabetes. This humble fruit is extraordinary rich in vitamin C lyopene and antioxidants that are beneficial for skin. These antioxidants are used in the preparation of scrub
Guavas for skin:
Anti aging properties:
Guavas are rich in vitamin A vitamin c and anti oxidants like carotene and lycopene which help protect the skin from wrinkles.
Improves complex:
Guavas help the skin radiance and freshness and also has vitamin K helps in getting rid of skin discoloration, dark circles, redness and acne irritation.
Improve texture:
It is high in astringent properties, it also help in tone up and tighten the skin. It also treat acne.
Chemical Used[5] [6]
Analytical grade chemicals were used for the study. The semi-solid was procured from Research Lab fine chemical industries Mumbai an ISO 9001:2000 certified company. Lanolin (research lab), Bees wax (research lab), Coca butter (research lab), Benzoic acid (research lab), Paraffin wax (research lab), Paraffin liquid (research lab).
Collection and Extraction of fruits parts:
The fresh fruits were collected from the local market. The taxonomical identification of the fruit was done at Department Pharmacognosy, RCP Kasegaon, Indian Psidium guajava were dried in hot air oven at 400C to avoid degradation of phytoconstituents. After drying plant material were coarsely powered with grinding mill and kept in well closed container. About 30g powder of each specimen, respectively were defatted with petroleum ether (60-800C) in a Soxhlet apparatus followed by extraction with ethanol. The collected extract were further concentrated on rotary evaporator and were kept in a vacuum dryer until used.
Preparation of gel base[7] [8]
The base is taken according to their melting point. The gel prepared first the bees wax, laloning and paraffin wax is taken in one porcelain dish. Then they are heated until they get liquid in other porcelain dish the coca butter is also taken it is also heated until it get melt both are mix together and they are saturated by adding paraffin and glycerin and they are continuously stirred and SLS is also added now extract is added in it and the scrub is ready to use.
Evaluation test for scrub[9] [10]
Appearance and homogeneity:
The prepared gel was tested for physical appearance and homogeneity by visual observation.
PH:
The ph of the scrub was determined by the pH paper. The small quantity of scrub was taken dissolve in water and pH paper was insert into it and ph was determined. The average value are represented in table.
Spread ability:
A special apparatus suggested by Mutimer et al.1956 was designed for determined spread ability of the prepared gel formulation it is express in terms of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip off from the gel and placed in between the slides under the direction of certain load. Lesser the time taken for separation of two slides better the spread ability The spread ability was calculated using formula
S=M.L/t
Where
M is weight (g) tied to upper glass slide
List the length (cm) moved on glass slide and
T is time to separate the slide (sec)
In this present experiment M=50gm “S” is recorded
Wash ability:
Formulation was applied on skin and then ease and extent of washing with water were checked manually.
Chemical tests:
Acid value 0.5gm of gel was taken and dissolved in 10times of absolute alcohol. It was heated on hot plate for 5min and 2 and 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to it and titrated with 0.1 N KOH until faintly pink color not appear.
Acid value:
=56.1×Titre value × N of KOH /weight of sample
Total fatty matter determination 2 gm of sample was taken and 20 to 25 mi of 1:1 diluted HCL was added to it, IT was heated on water bath till the solution become clear .The sample was drawn in 250ml separating funnel and then allowed to cool at room temperature 50ml of petroleum ether was then added in the funnel and shaked and left for separation to occur .The organic phase was separated and mixed with twice quantity of ether and further washed with water .The extract was filtered and sodium sulfate was added to it .The mixture was again filtered the extract was dried and the content was determined
Total fatty matter (%) by mass=100
M1/M2;
M1=mass of residue;
M2=mass of sample in gram
Product evaluation on skin (Patch test):
Ten volunteers were selected whose ages were in between 20 and 35 years. Prior to the study consent from was filled by each of them. Volunteers having serious skin disease, asthma were excluded from the study. Patch test was performed on the formulations A and B along with the base were applied on the forearms of the volunteers separately. Adhesive tape was used to fix them in place and the test sites were marked. The patches were left in place for 48 hrs, during which the care was taken not to wash the applied are. After 48 hrs, the patches were removed and reading was taken after one hour later. Skin was examined for any redness, itching or blemishes. These visible signs along with any itchy or irritable sensation indicated that there is something wrong to the products. Clear skin devoid of a foresaid visible sign indicated that the product is safe to use.
Stability of formulation:
Stability of formulations were studied at applied different storage conditions and checked for their physical characteristics like color, appearance, odor and centrifugation test (for 30 days).
Antimicrobial activity of formulation[11] [12]
The prepared formulations were screened for their antimicrobial activity by Petri plate. Antimicrobial activities were tested on nutrient medium against S.aureus, B.subtilis, Pseudomonas S tilis and E. coli which are representative types of Gram positive Gram Negative organisms. The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition recorded.
Formulation[13][14][15]
Table 1: Formulation table
|
Ingredients |
Quantity taken in (%) for scrub |
Role |
|
Benzoic acid |
1 |
Base |
|
Extract of drug |
0.1 |
Antioxidants |
|
Cocoa butter |
8.6 |
Ideal base |
|
lanolin |
3.6 |
emollient |
|
Paraffin wax |
51.8 |
preservative |
|
Bees wax |
34.4 |
Ideal base |
|
glycerin |
Q S |
Lubricant |
|
Liquid Paraffin |
QS |
Humectants |
|
SLS |
QS |
Foaming agent |
Table 2: Evaluation of prepared formulation on skin (patches test) in human volunteers
|
Variables |
Average points for formulation A±SEM |
|
Ease of application |
3.8±0.2905 |
|
Spread ability |
3.6±0.1632 |
|
Sense just after application |
4.1±0.1795 |
|
Sense of long term |
3.9±0.1795 |
|
irritation |
4.6±0.1632 |
|
Sense of softness |
3.8±0.1333 |