Formulation and Evaluation of Deodorant Roll on Using Tamarindus indica Extract

 

M. Afeefa Jabeen1*, Najuma Jaleel1, Devika P.T.1, Anakha C.S.1, Shifana A.T.1, Jilby Saju2

1Students of Al Azhar College of Pharmacy, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India.

2Asst. Prof., Dept. Pharmaceutics, Al Azhar College of Pharmacy, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: ptd1200@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

As the prevalence of increasing underarm problems associated with youngsters and the increasing side effects by the usage of synthetic deodorant because of the majority of ingredients are chemicals. The objective of study is to formulate herbal deodorant for controlling underarm problem associated with skin and to eliminate harmful synthetic ingredient from herbal deodorant formulations and substitute them with a safe natural ingredient is herbs and to evaluate herbal deodorant containing tamarind pulp extract. Antimicrobial activity of Tamarindus indica help to prevent itching, skin rashes, redness, pigmentation.

 

KEYWORDS: Deodorant roll on, Herbal cosmetic, Redused pigmentation, Antibactirial and anti fungal activity, Reduced bad odour.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Herbal Cosmetics:

The term “Herbal Cosmetic” is as the natural cosmetic which is formulated, using different cosmetic ingredients, to form the base in which one or more herbs or their extracts are added to enhance the effect.

 

Herbal cosmetics are also known as “Natural Cosmetics” or “Ayurvedic Cosmetics”. Herbal cosmetics came into existence when human race started using cosmetic products.Some common cosmetics include Creams, Face packs, Scrubs, Hair oils, Hair colours, Shampoos, Hair conditioners, Lipsticks, Blush-on, deodorant it is sometimes known, Eyeliners, Mascaras, Foundations and Eyeshadow, Perfumes and Fragrance, Soaps etc.1

 

 

The formulation of all these cosmetic products include addition of various natural additives like oils, waxes, natural colours, natural fragrances and parts of plants like leaves, flowers etc. by specific formulation methods. Herbal cosmetics are thus referred as products, formulated using various permissible cosmetics ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to provide defined cosmetics defined only. The natural content in the herbs does not have any side effects on the human body; instead enriches the body with nutrients and other useful minerals.1

 

Advantages of Herbal Cosmetics:1

·       Free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals.

·       Safe to use.

·       Suitable for all skin types.

·       Easily available in affordable price range.

·       Source of Nutrients, Antioxidants, Vitamins and Minerals.

·       Availability of wide range of products for selection and choice.

·       Possess desirable physiological activities such as Appearance, Skin healing, Smoothening, Enhancing and Conditioning properties.

·       Animal testing not required.

Deodorant: A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent or mask body odor due to bacterial breakdown of perspiration, for example in the armpits, groin, or feet. A subclass of deodorants, called antiperspirants, prevents sweating itself, typically by blocking sweat glands. Antiperspirants are used on a wider range of body parts, at any place where sweat would be inconvenient or unsafe, since unwanted sweating can interfere with comfort, vision, and grip (due to slipping). Other types of deodorant allow sweating but prevent bacterial action on sweat, since human sweat only has a noticeable smell when it is decomposed by bacteria.2

 

Mechanism of sweating: The physiology and pathophysiology of sweating have been recently reviewed by Sato and colleagues. 30 The main function of sweat is to provide evaporative cooling to keep a constant body temperature of approximately 37°C. Sweat is generally activated by a hot and humid environment, physical exercise, or fever. The ability to sweat up to 1.8 litters per hour 30 allows humans to live in dissimilar climates.

 

Mechanism of action of antiperspirants and deodorants: It has been found that aluminium and other metallic salts such as zirconium reduce sweat by causing mechanical obstruction to the eccrine sweat duct at the acrosyringium level.42, 43, 44 Hölzle and Kligman suggested that metal ions form precipitating complexes with mucopolysaccharides and cause damage to luminal epithelial cells. The result is an obstructive conglomerate that completely plugs the acrosyringium.3

 

Plantprofile: Chronic inflammation is one of the causes of a number of non-infectious diseases in the world. Over the years, Tamarindus indica has played fundamental roles in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. This review examined the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential and mechanism of various extracts from T. indica pulp, leaves, seeds, stem bark, and roots. The preclinical studies provided strong pharmacological evidence for the anti- inflammatory and analgesic activities. In studies conducted in Nigeria, flavonoids and polyphenols in association with alkaloids, were linked to the antimicrobial activity of tamarind leaves. The capacity of flavonoids and polyphenols to be extracted by hot water and into a higher degree by hydroalcoholic solutions gives them an important role in many traditional remedies.4

 

BotanyAspect:

Kingdom-Plantae(plant), Subkingdom-Tracheobionta Vascularplants, Superdivision-Spermatophyta Seed plants, Division-Magnoliophyta Flower plants, Synonym- Tamarindus officinalis, Family- Fabaceae or Leguminosae, Genus- Tamarindus Tamarind is high in many nutrients. A single cup (120 grams) of the pulp contains (2Trusted Source): Magnesium: 26% of the daily value (DV),Potassium: 16% of the DV, Iron: 19% of the DV, Calcium: 7% of the DV, Phosphorus: 11% of the DV, Copper: 11% of the DV, Vitamin B1 (thiamin): 43% of the DV, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): 14% of the DV, Vitamin B3 (niacin): 15% of the DV It has trace amounts of: vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Folate, vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), Selenium. It also contains 6 grams of fiber, 3 grams of protein, and less than 1 gram of fat. This comes with a total of 287 calories.4

 

Tamarind for Skin Lightening: Tamarind is a great source of AHAs or Alpha hydroxy acids. AHAs help exfoliating our skin wonderfully, clear up the pores and keep breakouts at bay. They also help lightening age spots, acne marks, scars and give us clear skin. Tamarind contains vitamin A and C, and both of them are known for skin lightening and brightening benefits. Vitamin A helps reducing spots and marks by promoting cell-regeneration process. Vitamin C, an anti-oxidant, helps boosting collagen production in the skin, which plays a vital role in lightening spots and scars.5

 

Smooths And Evens skin tone: Tamarind contains a rich formula of vitamins and flavonoids that help smooth your complexion and treat uneven skin tone. It can even help to make fine lines melt away while leaving your skin smooth and incredibly soft. Tamarind is a truly powerful ingredient, leaving textured skin soft and a dull complexion glowing.

 

Soothes Even The Most Stressed and Irritated Skin: Tamarind is rich in a wonderous blend of vitamins and flavonoids that help prevent the effect of aging. On top of that, tamarind also possesses a massive bounty of anti-inflammatory properties that can successfully tackle skin trouble and irritation.

 

Helps Treat Dry and Oily Skin Dry: skin or skin with excess sebum can be a nightmare for many people, as often these issues are incredibly stubborn. Finding a natural remedy for your skin concerns is usually the most reliable route to finding lasting results. Tamarind is a perfect ingredient to gently treat dry skin while not irritating it.

 

A Fantastic way to Gently Remove Dead Skin Cells: In the past, the acid derived from tamarind pulp has been used as a traditional exfoliant. Exfoliating dead and dry skin helps remove surface impurities, revealing healthy and bright skin underneath.6

 

METHODOLOGY

Preparation of tamarind extract:

The tamarind fruits were obtained from the localmarket. The pod like fruits were cleaned, descaled when necessary, and washed in sterile distilled water. The herbal extract was prepared by dissolving 1 gof tamarind pulp in 5ml of solvent (50% aqueous-ethanol) in a 250mL Erlenmeyer asks. The aqueous-ethanol (50%) was found to be the best solvent for extracting the biologically active phytochemical lconstituents from tamarind pulp.24

 

The other solvents were also used including chloroform, petroleum ether, isopropanol, ethanol and water. The asks were closed with cotton plug and aluminium foil. The tamarind fruit pulp was soaked in 50% aqueous- ethanol for 48 h at room temperature with intermittent shaking. Filter extraction using muslin cloth.

 

Tamarind extract:

 

Procedure:

Formulation of deodorant:

Take 10ml tamarind extract, concentrate it until it gets jelly consistency. Take 15ml of aloe vera gel, ina beaker. Take another beaker and to it add concentrated tamarind jelly and 2.5ml rose water then mix it continuosly. To the above mixture add 15ml of aloe vera gel and 2.5ml menthol and then mix it thoroughly. Add 2drops of lavender oil. Then pack and label

 

Formulation of deodorant roll-on using tamarindus indica:

Ingredients

Formula

Tamarindus indica pulp

40g

Solvent(50% aqueous ethanol)

200ml

Tamarind extract

10ml

Alovera gel

15ml

Rose water

2.5ml

Menthol

2.5ml

Lavender oil

2 drops

 

Deodorant roll on using Tamarindus indica extract

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Antifungal and anti bacterial activity of tamarind:

Tamarindus indica show anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity. Microorganism used fungus: candida and bacteria: aureus .Anti-fungal activity of Tamarindus indica show 900 cfu/ml. Anti-bacterial activity of Tamarindus indica show 450 cfu/ml. These Tamarindus show greater zone of inhibition against microbes.

 

S. aureus                                     Candida

 

Chemical Test: Chemical test for saponins, tanins, reducing sugar, glycoside, alkaloids, phenols in prepared deodorant was confirmed

 

Test

Inference

Saponins

+ve

Tanins

+ve

Reducing Sugar

+ve

Glycosides

+ve

Alkaloids

+ve

Phenols

+ve

 

Evaluation of deodorant:

1.     Physical appearance:

Sl. No.

Parameter

Result

1

Colour

Off white

2

Odour

Pleasant odour

3

State

Viscous

 

2.     Homogeneity Test: Homogeneity is determined using clarity test apparatus.

S. No.

Experiment

Observation

1

Determination Clarity test using clarity test apparatus (black board)

Absence of white particles

2

Determination of clarity test using clarity test apparatus (white board)

Absence of black particles

 

3.     Viscosity: The viscosity of formulated deodorant was found to be 332.6 centipoise which was good enough for its applicability.

 

4.     Determination of Ph: The pH of the formulation was found to be 6

 

5. Drying Time Test: Drying time test was conducted for the deodorant and it was found to be dried with in 2 min after applied to skin.

 

6. Spreadibility Test: Spreadability test for the deodorant was performed and found to be 6 cm in 20 sec.

7. Stability Test: The stability of deodorant remains stable throughout the testing period.

 

Stability test parameters:

Sl. No.

Parameters

At the time of preparation

After 1of h month

1

Colour

Off white

Off white

2

Odour

Pleasant odour

Pleasant odour

3

pH

6

6

4

Viscosity

332.6

332.1

5

Drying time

2min

2min

 

CONCLUSION:

Herbal deodorant using Tamarindus indica extract was prepared and tested for saponins, tannins, reducing sugar, glycoside, alkaloids, phenols. Extract is further studied by spread plate method for anti-fungal and antibacterial activity. The Tamarindus indica extract is further formulated for deodorant using excipients such as alovera, vitamin E, mint gel, rose water, ylang ylang oil. The formulation further tested for physical appearance, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, Spreadability, absorbance and stability study. so we except that the Tamarindus deodorant ill make an unforgettable era for the reduction of microbial growth in under arm. And fragrance mask the bad odor. It should be implemented only after preclinical and clinical study.

 

REFERENCE:

1.      https://www.academia.edu/50773349/Herbal_Cosmetics_B_Pharm_8th_Sem.

2.      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodorant

3.      https://www.verywellfamily.com/types-of-deodorant-your-tween-shouldknow-3288405.

4.      https://www.botanicalonline.com/en/medicinalplants/tamarind#:~:text=Scientific%20name% A%20Tamarindus%20indica%2 0L, species%20within%20the%20genus%20Tamarindus.

5.      Kiran Raj Singh, Tamarind for Skin Lightening – Benefits and How to use, science.gov.

6.      Richard Komakech, Yong-Goo Kim. Gilbert Motlalepula Matsabisa, Youngmin Kang. Anti- inflammatory and analgesic potential of Tamarindus indica Linn. National Library of Medicine, volume 8, page no:-181-186.

 

 

 

Received on 02.08.2024      Revised on 13.09.2024

Accepted on 17.10.2024      Published on 18.12.2024

Available online on December 21, 2024

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2024; 14(4):315-318.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00051

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