Author(s): Himani Gautam, Abhilash Kutlehria, Kimmi Katoch, Kapil Kumar Verma

Email(s): himanimanu2003@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00012   

Address: Himani Gautam*, Abhilash Kutlehria, Kimmi Katoch, Kapil Kumar Verma
Minerva College of Pharmacy, Indora, Kangra.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 14,      Issue - 1,     Year - 2024


ABSTRACT:
The rabies virus causes rabies, which is a acute brain infection and causes an acute brain illness in both people and animals, frequently spreads the disease. After an incubation period, Several prodromal symptoms are appear which is frequently smaller period and longer period. Rabies has a horrible clinical picture and is always lethal. In Human rabies can present as either the encephalitic (furious) or paralytic (dumb) forms. Despite the fact that there are no outward symptoms of brainstem dysfunction, the brainstem is predominantly engaged in both clinical types. Clinical variation may be explained by variations in tropism at the site of inoculation or the CNS, in the path of propagation, or in the induction of immune cascades in the brainstem. Rabies still presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in its paralytic form, which closely resembles with Guillain-Barre syndrome very closely, or when a patient is unconscious and the cardinal indications may not be present. Prior to demise, rabies virus RNA may be reliably found in bodily fluids or tissue before a person passes away using molecular techniques. Unnecessary harm is caused when people disregard the World Health Organization's prophylactic guidelines.


Cite this article:
Himani Gautam, Abhilash Kutlehria, Kimmi Katoch, Kapil Kumar Verma. Rhabdoviruses: Complex Neuropathogenic Mechanism, Molecular virology, Epidemiology and Treatment. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. Tech. 2024; 14(1):59-4. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00012

Cite(Electronic):
Himani Gautam, Abhilash Kutlehria, Kimmi Katoch, Kapil Kumar Verma. Rhabdoviruses: Complex Neuropathogenic Mechanism, Molecular virology, Epidemiology and Treatment. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. Tech. 2024; 14(1):59-4. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00012   Available on: https://ajptonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-14-1-12


REFERENCES:
1.    Brunker K, Mollentze N. Rabies virus. Trends in Microbiology. 2018; 26(10): 886-7.
2.    Hooper DC. Rabies virus. Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology. 2016 :665-73.
3.    Orciari LA, Hanlon CA, Franka R. Rabies Virus. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 2015: 1633-43.
4.    Banyard AC, Mansfield KL, Wu G, Selden D, Thorne L, Birch C, Koraka P, Osterhaus AD, Fooks AR. Re-evaluating the effect of Favipiravir treatment on rabies virus infection. Vaccine. 2019; 37(33): 4686-93.
5.    Jackson AC. Human rabies: a 2016 update. Current Infectious Disease Reports. 2016; 18:1-6.
6.    Ito N, Moseley GW, Sugiyama M. The importance of immune evasion in the pathogenesis of rabies virus. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2016; 78(7): 1089-98.
7.    Fisher CR, Streicker DG, Schnell MJ. The spread and evolution of rabies virus: conquering new frontiers. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2018; 16(4): 241-55.
8.    Leyrat C, Ribeiro EA, Gérard FC, Ivanov I, Ruigrok RW, Jamin M. Structure, interactions with host cell and functions of rhabdovirus phosphoprotein. Future Virology. 2011; 6(4): 465-81.
9.    Ammar ED, Tsai CW, Whitfield AE, Redinbaugh MG, Hogenhout SA. Cellular and molecular aspects of rhabdovirus interactions with insect and plant hosts. Annual Review of Entomology. 2009; 54:447-68.
10.    Dimaano EM, Scholand SJ, Alera MT, Belandres DB. Clinical and epidemiological features of human rabies cases in the Philippines: a review from 1987 to 2006. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2011; 15(7): e495-9.
11.    Ludlow M, Kortekaas J, Herden C, Hoffmann B, Tappe D, Trebst C, Griffin DE, Brindle HE, Solomon T, Brown AS, van Riel D. Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology. Acta Neuropathologica. 2016; 131: 159-84.
12.    Shepherd JG, Davis C, Streicker DG, Thomson EC. Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection. Biology. 2023; 12(6): 878.
13.    Gomes-Leal W, Martins LC, Diniz JA, Dos Santos ZA, Borges JA, Macedo CA, Medeiros AC, De Paula LS, Guimaraes JS, Freire MA, Vasconcelos PF. Neurotropism and neuropathological effects of selected rhabdoviruses on intranasally-infected newborn mice. Acta Tropica. 2006; 97(2): 126-39.
14.    Consales CA, Bolzan VL. Rabies review: immunopathology, clinical aspects and treatment. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. 2007; 13: 5-38.
15.    Mahadevan A, Suja MS, Mani RS, Shankar SK. Perspectives in diagnosis and treatment of rabies viral encephalitis: insights from pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics. 2016; 13: 477-92.
16.    Miner JJ, Diamond MS. Mechanisms of restriction of viral neuroinvasion at the blood–brain barrier. Current Opinion in Immunology. 2016; 38:18-23.
17.    Ogo MF. Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria: phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
18.    Hopkins J, Sweck S, Richards S. The Diagnosis, Clinical Course, Treatment, and Prevention of the Rabies Virus. InRabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century 2021 May 13. IntechOpen.
19.    Rudd RJ, Davis AD. Rabies Virus. Clinical Virology Manual. 2016:473-91.
20.    Luu G. Molecular approaches to better understand the epidemiology and host resistance to Nervous Necrosis Virus in Asian groupers (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Sunshine Coast).
21.    Rupprecht, Charles E., Cathleen A. Hanlon, and Thiravat Hemachudha. Rabies re-examined. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2002; 2(6): 327-343.
22.     Berriman, A. D. C., et al. Assessing the risk of rabies re-introduction into the United Kingdom from Eastern European countries. Microbial Risk Analysis. 2018; 8: 50-52.3
23.    Human rabies deaths - 2004. Geneva: Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne diseases, World Health Organization; 2008. Available: www.who.int/rabies/rabies_maps/en/index.html (accessed 2008 Jan 28).
24.    A History of Rabies – Available: https:\\www.tuckahoevet.com.
25.    Centers For Disease Control and prevention – Available: https://www.cdc.gov.
26.    Hemachudha T, Mitrabhakdi E. Rabies. In: Davis LE, Kennedy PGE, eds. Infectious diseases of the nervous system. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000: 401–44.
27.    Hemachudha T, Laothamatas J, Rupprecht CE. Human rabies: a disease of complex neuropathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic challenges. The Lancet Neurology. 2002; 1(2):101-9.
28.    Rabies Vaccine (Intramuscular Route) Available: https:// www.mayoclinic.org.
29.    Shankar BP. Advances in Diagnosis of Rabies. Veterinary World. 2009; 2(2).

Recomonded Articles:

Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (AJPTech.) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, devoted to pharmaceutical sciences...... Read more >>>

RNI: Not Available                     
DOI: 10.5958/2231–5713 


Recent Articles




Tags