Author(s):
Naveen Yadam, Ganta Suhasin
Email(s):
yadamnaveen2@gmail.com , sganta@gitam.edu
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5713.2021.00032 
Address:
Naveen Yadam1, Ganta Suhasin2
1M. Phamacy, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Assistant Professor, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 11,
Issue - 3,
Year - 2021
ABSTRACT:
Since 2019 December, a rapid increase in a cluster of Pneumonia cases has been identified in Wuhan, China. The novel Coronavirus infection has similar symptoms related to pneumonia. Initially, the virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract (cough and fever), and in most cases, the human immune system can fight it and defeat it. In moderate to severe cases, it infects the alveoli in the lungs (SOB) and causes a robust immune response (release of several cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-7, TNF-a that damage the tissue), that further worsens the disease condition to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Pneumonia, and lung injury. In most cases, this requires ICU transfer and artificial ventilation. We studied the severity of the cases of COVID-19 associated with pneumonia. The serological tests, differential counts, and CT scans of 51 patients have been thoroughly observed and analyzed to determine these patients' mortality rates concerning their age. COVID-19 associated with pneumonia in older adults is fatal, associated with increased CRP (C reactive protein) levels, decreased lymphocytes, PCV/HCT, MCV. Our results suggest that the CT scans and serological parameters were found to be useful for clinicians in finding the severity of the COVID-19 associated with pneumonia in chronic phases, therapeutic decisions, and the disease prognosis
Cite this article:
Naveen Yadam, Ganta Suhasin. Prediction of COVID-19 severity associated with Pneumonia by chest CT scan and Serological results. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 11(3):198-2. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2021.00032
Cite(Electronic):
Naveen Yadam, Ganta Suhasin. Prediction of COVID-19 severity associated with Pneumonia by chest CT scan and Serological results. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 11(3):198-2. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2021.00032 Available on: https://ajptonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-11-3-2
REFERENCES:
1. Sindhu. T. J, Arathi. K. N, Akhilesh K. J, Anju. Jose, Binsiya K. P, Blessy Thomas, Elizabeth Wilson. Antiviral screening of Clerodol derivatives as COV 2 main protease inhibitor in Novel Corona Virus Disease: In silico approaches. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2020; 10(2): 60-64.
2. Mayur S. Jain, Shashikant D. Barhate. Corona viruses are a family of viruses that range from the common cold to MERS corona virus: A Review. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2020; 10(3): 204-210.
3. J. Lei, J. Li, X. Li, X. Qi. CT imaging of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Radiology 2020; 295(1): 17-18
4. Abbas KinbarKuser, SagbanMarjaTarar, Omar MansibKassid, Nael Hussein Zayer. CNS and COVID-19: Neurological symptoms of Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus in Iraq: a surveying case sequences study. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(12): 6291-6294.
5. Smith AC, Thomas E, Snoswell CL, et al. Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2020; 26(5): 309-313.
6. Peiris JS, Lai ST, Poon LL, et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2003; 361(9366): 1319‐1325.
7. Ali Adel Dawood. SARS-CoV-2 is Originated from Bat Corona Virus. Research J. Science and Tech. 2021; 13(1): 31-32.
8. Drosten C, Günther S, Preiser W, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 348: 67-76.
9. Sarfaraz Ahmad, AmbreenShoaib, Sajid Ali, et al. Epidemiology, risk, myths, pharmacotherapeutic management and socioeconomic burden due to novel COVID-19: A recent update. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(9): 4435-4442.
10. Navas-Martin, S. R., and S. Weiss. 2004. Coronavirus replication and pathogenesis: implications for the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and the challenge for vaccine development. Journal of Neurovirology. 2004; 10(2): 75-85.
11. Grant Mackenzie, The definition and classification of pneumonia. Pneumonia (Nathan). Biomedical center, 2016; 22(8): 14.
12. Schleupner CJ1, Cobb DK, A study of the etiologies and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in a community-based teaching hospital. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 1992, 13(9): 515-525.
13. Muhe, l.; tilahun, etal. Etiology of Pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in infants younger than three months of age in Ethiopia. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.1999; 18(10): S56-S61.
14. Chen, Chih-Jung MD, Ph D*† et al. Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children in Northern Taiwan. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2012; 31(11): 196-201.
15. Sopena N, et al. Prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia of bacterial etiology in adults. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.1999; 18(12): 852-858.
16. R. Danasu, R. Sridevi, A. Santhanalakshmi. A Comparative Study to assess the efficacy of CPI Score Vs APACHE Score to predict ventilator associated pneumonia among patients admitted in ICU at SMVMCH, Puducherry. Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2019; 7(4): 584-589.
17. Fang GD, et al. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy. A prospective multicenter study of 359 cases. Medicine.1990; 69(5): 307-316.
18. Krushna K. Zambare, Avinash B. Thalkari. Overview on Pathophysiology of Pneumonia. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2019; 9(3): 177-180.
19. Akshay R. Yadav, Shrinivas K. Mohite. A Review on Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) and its Clinical Management in Suspect/ Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Cases. Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech.2020; 12(3): 178-180.
20. RamyaChellammal M. Bacterial Pneumonia. Asian J. Nur. Edu. & Research. 2014; 4(3): 317-320.
21. SherendraSahu, PriyawatiSahu, U.R. Singh, Neeta Singh. Comparative study of Clinical Parameters of Pneumocystis pneumonia with healthy controls in Vindhya Region. Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2017; 9(2): 59-63.
22. Ken B Waites. New concepts of Mycoplasma pneumonia infections in children Pediatric Pulmonology. 2003; 36(4): 267-78.
23. Barker J, et al. pneumonia in children in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea: a bacteriological study of patients selected by standard criteria. Journal of Infectious Disease, 1989; 159: 348-52.
24. Chambers ST, et al. Chlamydia pneumonia and Mycoplasma infection in patients admitted to Christchurch Hospital with Pneumonia. The New Zealand Medical Journal.1999; 112(1090): 222-224.
25. Phillips, J. J., et al. Pathogenesis of chimeric MHV4/MHV-A59 recombinant viruses: the murine coronavirus spike protein is a major determinant of neurovirulence. Journal of Virology. 1999; 73(9): 7752-7760.
26. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel Coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224): 565‐574.
27. Prof.NanshanChenMDa† et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, The Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-513.
28. Perlman, S. Pathogenesis of coronavirus-induced infections. Review of pathological and immunological aspects. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1998; 440: 503-513.
29. Yixuan Wang, et al. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures. Journal of Medical Virology.2020; 92(6): 568-576
30. Zhonghua, et al. Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID‐19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing XueZaZhi. 2020; 41(2): 145‐151.
31. RenLL, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chinese Medical Journal. 2020; 133(9): 1015-1024.
32. Hui DSC, Zumla A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: historical, epidemiologic, and clinical features. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 2019; 33(4): 869‐889.
33. A. Assiri, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. The Lancet Infectious Disease. 2013; 13(9): 752-61.