Author(s): Harshika Singh, Shradha Singh, Pushpa Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Arjun Singh, Sonam Pathak, Alkam Khatri

Email(s): arjunphar@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00031   

Address: Harshika Singh1, Shradha Singh1, Pushpa Kumar1, Sachin Kumar1, Arjun Singh*2, Sonam Pathak1, Alkam Khatri1
1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India.
2Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 14,      Issue - 2,     Year - 2024


ABSTRACT:
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, particularly its subunit Spike Protein 1 (S1), has been identified as a crucial component in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein 1 has the ability to activate microvascular endothelial cells, which play a vital role in maintaining vascular integrity and regulating inflammatory responses. This activation of microvascular endothelial cells by the spike protein has significant implications for COVID-19 pathogenesis. It can lead to endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular permeability, recruitment of immune cells, and the release of inflammatory molecules, contributing to the systemic inflammatory response observed in severe cases of COVID-19. Furthermore, it can exacerbate tissue damage and contribute to the cytokine storm. Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein 1-mediated activation of microvascular endothelial cells is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate the inflammatory response and improve patient outcomes. This knowledge may also guide the exploration of existing medications to modulate endothelial dysfunction and attenuate the pathogenic effects of spike protein activation. Continued research in this field is warranted to uncover precise mechanisms and develop effective strategies to combat this aspect of the disease.


Cite this article:
Harshika Singh, Shradha Singh, Pushpa Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Arjun Singh, Sonam Pathak, Alkam Khatri. Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein 1 Activates Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Understanding the Implications. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 14(2):179-3. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00031

Cite(Electronic):
Harshika Singh, Shradha Singh, Pushpa Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Arjun Singh, Sonam Pathak, Alkam Khatri. Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein 1 Activates Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Understanding the Implications. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 14(2):179-3. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00031   Available on: https://ajptonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-14-2-15


REFERENCES:
1.    Anuj Kumar. Emotional intelligence can help healthcare professionals and managers: A way deal COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Management. 2021; 12(4):353-8.
2.    Zubair Iqbal, Goutam Tanty. Impact of Covid on Banking Industry in India. Asian Journal of Management. 2021; 12(4): 439-6.
3.    Ravi Barot, T. Sivabalan. A study to evaluate the Quality of life in Head and Neck Cancer Patients admitted in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni (Bk). Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2013; 3(1): 21-24.
4.    Jisa George T, Kiran Batra. Beliefs and Attitude of Women Regarding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening in a Rural Community of Kerala. Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2016; 6(1): 7-10.
5.    Gurleen Kaur Sethi, Navreet Kaur Saini. COVID-19: Opinions and Challenges of School Teachers on work from Home. Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2020; 10(4):532-536.
6.    Pallavi Rai, Deblina Roy. Death and Scarcity of Life Saving PPEs: Where is the Life of Heroes? Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 11(1): 157-160.
7.    Gautam, Y., Dwivedi, S., Srivastava, A., Hamidullah, Singh, A., Chanda, D., Singh, J., Rai, S., Konwar, R., Negi, A.S., 2-(3′,4′-Dimethoxybenzylidene) tetralone induces anti-breast cancer activity through microtubule stabilization and activation of reactive oxygen species. RSC Adv. 2016; 6: 33369–33379.
8.    Hamid, A.A., Hasanain, M., Singh, A., Bhukya, B., Omprakash, Vasudev, P.G., Sarkar, J., Chanda, D., Khan, F., Aiyelaagbe, O.O., Negi, A.S., Synthesis of novel anticancer agents through opening of spiroacetal ring of diosgenin. Steroids. 2014; 87: 108–118.
9.    Hamid, A.A., Kaushal, T., Ashraf, R., Singh, A., Chand Gupta, A., Prakash, O., Sarkar, J., Chanda, D., Bawankule, D.U., Khan, F., Shanker, K., Aiyelaagbe, O.O., Negi, A.S., (22β,25R)-3β-Hydroxy-spirost-5-en-7-iminoxy-heptanoic acid exhibits anti-prostate cancer activity through caspase pathway. Steroids. 2017; 119: 43–52.
10.    Jain, S., Singh, A., Khare, P., Chanda, D., Mishra, D., Shanker, K., Karak, T., Toxicity assessment of Bacopa monnieri L. grown in biochar amended extremely acidic coal mine spoils. Ecological Engineering. 2017; 108: 211–219.
11.    Khwaja, S., Fatima, K., Hasanain, M., Behera, C., Kour, A., Singh, A., Luqman, S., Sarkar, J., Chanda, D., Shanker, K., Gupta, A.K., Mondhe, D.M., Negi, A.S., Antiproliferative efficacy of curcumin mimics through microtubule destabilization. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2018; 151: 51–61.
12.    Kumar, B.S., Ravi, K., Verma, A.K., Fatima, K., Hasanain, M., Singh, A., Sarkar, J., Luqman, S., Chanda, D., Negi, A.S., Synthesis of pharmacologically important naphthoquinones and anticancer activity of 2-benzyllawsone through DNA topoisomerase-II inhibition. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. 2017; 25: 1364–1373.
13.    Mishra, D., Jyotshna, Singh, A., Chanda, D., Shanker, K., Khare, P., Potential of di-aldehyde cellulose for sustained release of oxytetracycline: A pharmacokinetic study. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019; 136: 97–105.
14.    Sathish Kumar, B., Kumar, A., Singh, J., Hasanain, M., Singh, A., Fatima, K., Yadav, D.K., Shukla, V., Luqman, S., Khan, F., Chanda, D., Sarkar, J., Konwar, R., Dwivedi, A., Negi, A.S., Synthesis of 2-alkoxy and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol as anti-breast cancer agents through microtubule stabilization. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2014a; 86: 740–751.
15.    Sathish Kumar, B., Singh, Aastha, Kumar, A., Singh, J., Hasanain, M., Singh, Arjun, Masood, N., Yadav, D.K., Konwar, R., Mitra, K., Sarkar, J., Luqman, S., Pal, A., Khan, F., Chanda, D., Negi, A.S., Synthesis of neolignans as microtubule stabilisers. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry.  2014b;  22: 1342–1354.
16.    Singh, A., Mohanty, I., Singh, J., Rattan, S., BDNF augments rat internal anal sphincter smooth muscle tone via RhoA/ROCK signaling and nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation via increased NO release. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2020; .318: G23–G33.
17.    Singh, A., Rattan, S., BDNF rescues aging-associated internal anal sphincter dysfunction. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2021; 321: G87–G97.
18.    Singh, A., Singh, J., Rattan, S., Evidence for the presence and release of BDNF in the neuronal and non‐neuronal structures of the internal anal sphincter. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2021.
19.    Singh, Aastha, Fatima, K., Singh, Arjun, Behl, A., Mintoo, M.J., Hasanain, M., Ashraf, R., Luqman, S., Shanker, K., Mondhe, D.M., Sarkar, J., Chanda, D., Negi, A.S., Anticancer activity and toxicity profiles of 2-benzylidene indanone lead molecule. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015;  76: 57–67.
20.    Singh, Aastha, Fatima, K., Srivastava, A., Khwaja, S., Priya, D., Singh, Arjun, Mahajan, G., Alam, S., Saxena, A.K., Mondhe, D.M., Luqman, S., Chanda, D., Khan, F., Negi, A.S., Anticancer activity of gallic acid template-based benzylidene indanone derivative as microtubule destabilizer. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2016; 88: 625–634.
21.    Manmohan, S., Arjun, S., Khan, S. P., Eram, S., and Sachan, N. K., Green chemistry potential for past, present and future perspectives. International Research Journal of Pharmacy.  2012; 3: 31-36.
22.    Singh, A., R. Sharma, K. M. Anand, S. P. Khan, and N. K. Sachan. Food-drug interaction. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Science. 2012;  1(1): 264-279.
23.    Arjun Singh. A Review of various aspects of the Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacognostical, and Clinical significance of selected Medicinal plants. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 12(4): 349-0. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00055
24.    Devender Paswan, Urmila Pande, Alka Singh, Divya Sharma, Shivani Kumar, Arjun Singh. Epidemiology, Genomic Organization, and Life Cycle of SARS CoV-2. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2023; 13(2):141-4.
25.    Arjun Singh, Rupendra Kumar, Sachin Sharma. Natural products and Hypertension: Scope and role in Antihypertensive Therapy. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2023; 13(2): 162-6.
26.    Arjun Singh. A Review of various aspects of the Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacognostical, and Clinical significance of selected Medicinal plants. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 12(4): 349-360. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00055
27.    Arjun Singh, Rupendra Kumar. An Overview on Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, and Clinical Significance of Selected Dietary Polyphenols. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2023; 16(1):8-2.
28.    Arjun Singh. Plant-based Isoquinoline Alkaloids: A Chemical and Pharmacological Profile of Some Important Leads. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2023; 16(1):43-8.
29.    Arjun Singh. Withaniasomnifera (L.) Ashwagandha: A Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Biomedicinal and Traditional uses. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 13(3):213-7. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00038
30.    Kaman Kumar, Pooja Singh, Divya Sharma, Akanksha Singh, Himanshu Gupta, Arjun Singh. Prospective Current Novel Drug Target for the Identification of Natural Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 13(3): 171-4. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00030
31.    Arijita Singla, Varsha Singh, Komal Kumari, Sonam Pathak, Arjun Singh. Natural Marine Anticancer compounds and their derivatives used in Clinical Trials. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 13(3): 235-9. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00042
32.    Arjun Singh. An Overview on Phytoestrogen based antihypertensive agent for their potential Pharmacological Mechanism. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2023; 15(3): 211-4. doi: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00034
33.    Singh, A., Chanda, D., and Negi, A. S. Antihypertensive activity of Diethyl-4, 4'-dihydroxy-8, 3'-neolign-7, 7'-dien-9, 9'-dionate through increase in intracellular cGMP level and blockade of calcium channels (VDCC) and opening of potassium channel and in vivo models (SHRs and L-NAME induced hypertension). In Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society WCP2018 (The 18th World Congress of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology) (pp. PO1-2). Japanese Pharmacological Society. 2018.
34.    Tim F. Dorweiler, Arjun Singh, Richard N Kolesnick, Julia V. Busik; Inhibition of ceramide rich platforms by anti-ceramide immunotherapy prevents retinal endothelial cell damage and the development of diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023; 64(8): 941.

Recomonded Articles:

Author(s): Sindhu. T. J, Arathi. K. N, Akhilesh K. J, Anju. Jose, Binsiya K. P, Blessy Thomas, Elizabeth Wilson

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2020.00012.4         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Brijesh Kumar Saroj, Shreyash Tripathi, Mohd Yaqub Khan

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2018.00034.X         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Akshay Gade, Rutuja Sawant, Shreya Parkar, Prajakta Kegade

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2020.00044.6         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Dominic Amalraj A., Parkavi C., Murugaiah K., Dhanaraj T.S.

DOI:         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): A. Ramankannan, J. Rini Gnana Suganthi, N.Balaji, M. Seenuvasan

DOI:         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Samir Derouiche, Taissir Cheradid, Messaouda Guessoum

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2020.00033.1         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Pooja Jaunjal, Parimal Katolkar

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00026         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Saylee Madkholkar, Vijay Jagtap

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00039         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Archana B. Chavhan, Pavan S. Jadhav, Satish Shelke

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2021.00013.1         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Ketaki Shinde, Sonam Bendre, Niraj Kale, Suhit Gilda

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00042         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Subhashis Debnath, Jaya Saha

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00011         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Sunayana Mali, Audumbar Mali, Manojkumar Patil, Ritesh Bathe, Dipak Bathe

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00028         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Janmajoy Banerjee, Ranabir Chanda, Subhasis Samanta, Dipanjan Karati

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00024         Access: Closed Access Read More

Author(s): Kaman Kumar, Pooja Singh, Divya Sharma, Akanksha Singh, Himanshu Gupta, Arjun Singh

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00030         Access: Closed Access Read More

Author(s): Monika G. Shinde, Kaufiya D. Sayyad, Ganesh V. Swami, Priti B. Savant, Pooja R. Yalmar, Swati T. Mane

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00036         Access: Closed Access Read More

Author(s): Harshika Singh, Shradha Singh, Pushpa Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Arjun Singh, Sonam Pathak, Alkam Khatri

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00031         Access: Closed Access Read More

Author(s): Sahil Kumar, Neha Sharma, Kapil Kumar Verma

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00014         Access: Closed Access Read More

Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (AJPTech.) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, devoted to pharmaceutical sciences...... Read more >>>

RNI: Not Available                     
DOI: 10.5958/2231–5713 


Recent Articles




Tags