Author(s):
Ashwini Natha Waghmode, Dipali N. Hagir
Email(s):
ashwiniwaghmode659@gmail.com , dipalihagir5@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5713.2026.00003 
Address:
Ashwini Natha Waghmode1, Dipali N. Hagir2
1Student, Navsahyadri Institute of Pharmacy, Naigaon (Nasarapur), Tal. Bhor, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra, India.
2Assistant Professor, Navsahyadri Institute of Pharmacy, Naigaon (Nasarapur), Dist. Pune, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 1,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Diabetes mellitus, a long-term metabolic disease characterised by persistently high blood sugar levels, is caused by deficiencies in either the action or secretion of insulin, or both. Banana blossom, a staple in tropical diets, has demonstrated promise in regulating metabolism, especially in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Lemon peel also contains strong antioxidant and enzyme-inhibiting chemicals, particularly when powdered. Banana flower tea, which is made by infusing dried banana blossom in hot water, is evaluated for its capacity to lower blood sugar levels in this study. The polyphenolic substances flavonoids, umbelliferone, and lupeol were validated by phytochemical screening. These compounds are known to have inhibitory effect on enzymes that break down carbohydrates, such as a-amylase and a-glucosidase. Banana blossom tea dramatically suppressed these enzymes in in vitro experiments, suggesting that it may be used to regulate postprandial glucose levels, which are an important part of managing type 2 diabetes.
Cite this article:
Ashwini Natha Waghmode, Dipali N. Hagir. Formulation and Evaluation of Musa acumina Colla Herbal Tea . Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026; 16(1):13-8. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2026.00003
Cite(Electronic):
Ashwini Natha Waghmode, Dipali N. Hagir. Formulation and Evaluation of Musa acumina Colla Herbal Tea . Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026; 16(1):13-8. doi: 10.52711/2231-5713.2026.00003 Available on: https://ajptonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-1-3
REFERENCES:
1. Shekhara Naik R, Kavya MH, Manasa R, et al. Nutritional and health value of banana flowers. Unpublished. 2023.
2. Govindaraj J, Govindaraj K, Vidyarekha U, et al. A review on the therapeutic potential of banana flower. Bioinformation. 2022; 18(4): 349–353. doi:10.6026/97320630018349.
3. Marikkar JMN, Tan SJ, Salleh A, et al. Evaluation of banana (Musa sp.) flowers of selected varieties for their antioxidative and anti-hyperglycemic potentials. Int Food Res J. 2016; 23(5): 1988–1995.
4. Mohanapriya M, Ramaswamy L, Rajendran R. Properties of lemon (Citrus limonum). Int J Ayurvedic Herb Med. 2013; 3(1): 1095–1100.
5. Chowdary MY, Rana SS, Ghosh P. Banana inflorescence and health. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 2022; 14(2): 131–136. doi:10.15586/qas.v14i2.1066.
6. Acharya S, Tazeen H, Birwal P. Review on: Production of natural banana blossom concentrate. Multilogic Sci. 2019; 8(Spl Issue A).
7. Pushpaveni C, Visagaperumal D, Chandy V. Review on banana blossom. World J Pharm Res. 2019; 8(11): 440–450. doi:10.20959/wjpr201911-15892.
8. Kukreja N, Sharma P. Composition and pharmacological benefits of banana blossom. Agric Rev. 2024. doi:10.18805/ag.R-2697.
9. Jahan M, Warsi MK, Khatoon F. Antimicrobial banana extract-CS/PEG film. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010; 2(5): 373–378.
10. Bhaskar JJ, Shobha MS, Sambaiah K, Salimath PV. Beneficial effects of banana flower and pseudostem on hyperglycemia and AGEs. J Physiol Biochem. 2011. doi:10.1007/s13105-011-0091-5.
11. Ernawita R, Wahyuono RA, Hesse J, et al. Antioxidant/ antidiabetic citrus extracts. Antioxidants. 2017; 6(11): 1–15. doi:10.3390/antiox6010011.
12. Antar SA, Ashour NA, Sharaky M, et al. Diabetes mellitus: Classification, mediators, and complications. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023; 168: 115734. doi:10.1016/ j.biopha.2023.115734.
13. Shwaish MM, Farhan WT, Mohammed TT. Antidiabetic effects of citrus. Int J Health Sci. 2022; 6(S2): 8299–8308. doi:10.53730/ ijhs.v6nS2.7112.
14. Qudah TS, Zahra U, Rehman R, et al. Lemon as medicinal ingredient. Int J Chem Biochem Sci. 2018; 14: 55–61.
15. Sumathy V, Lachumy SJ, Zakaria Z, Sasidharan S. Antibacterial activity of Musa acuminata flower. Pharmacologyonline. 2011; 2: 118–127.
16. Kavya MH, Manasa R, Deepika M, et al. A review on banana flower. IP J Nutr Metab Health Sci. 2023; 6(3): 110–115.
17. Palde C, Palde A, Chaudhari V. Uses of banana plant and pseudostem. Int J Creat Res Thoughts. 2022; 10(1): 486–496.
18. Pushpaveni C, Visagaperumal D, Chandy V. Review on banana blossom. World J Pharm Res. 2019; 8(11): 440–450.
19. Bakshi G, Ananthanarayan L. Characterization of lemon peel powder. J Food Sci Technol. 2022; 59(7): 2535–2544. doi:10.1007/s13197-021-05270-7.
20. Chaudhari SY, Ruknuddin G, Prajapati P. Ethnomedicinal values of Citrus. Med J DY Patil Univ. 2016; 9(5): 560–565. doi:10.4103/ 0975-2870.192146.
21. Ubbor SC, Ekeh JI, Ndife J, Iguh BN. Herbal tea formulation from Moringa and lemon peel. J Agric Food Sci. 2022; 20(1): 78–90.
22. Simmonds NW. The Evolution of the Bananas. London: Longmans Green; 1962.
23. Pillay M, Tenkouano A, editors. Banana Breeding: Progress and Challenges. CRC Press; 2011.
24. Morton JF. Lemon. In: Fruits of Warm Climates. Miami, FL: Julia F. Morton; 1987. p. 160–168.
25. Nicolosi E, Deng ZN, Gentile A, La Malfa S, Continella G, Tribulato E. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor Appl Genet. 2000; 100(8): 1155–1166. doi:10.1007/s001220051419.
26. Thagunna B, Kandel K, Lamichhane B. Banana Blossom: Health Benefits. Rev Food Agric. 2023; 4(2): 66–70. doi:10.26480/ rfna.02.2023.66.70.
27. Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N. Bioactive compounds in banana and their health benefits – A review. Food Chem. 2016; 206: 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.033.
28. Devi R, Kumar R, Rani A, et al. Nutritional and pharmacological aspects of banana blossom. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2022; 13(2): 784–791.
29. Chowdary MY, Rana SS, Ghosh P. Banana inflorescence and health. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 2022; 14(2): 131–136. doi:10.15586/ qas.v14i2.1066.
30. Jahan M, Warsi MK, Khatoon F. Antimicrobial banana extract-CS/PEG film. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010; 2(5): 373–378.
31. Dhananjaya BL, Prasad MNN. Antidiabetic effects of Musa flower extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2016; 15:40.
32. Reddy L, Ghaffar MA, Sreerama L. Nutritional and bioactive profile of Citrus limon peel. J Food Biochem. 2021; 45(6): e13713.
33. Lv J, Cao L, Li M, et al. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of lemon peel hydroalcohol extract. Trop J Pharm Res. 2018; 17(7): 1367–1372. doi:10.4314/tjpr. v17i7.20.
34. Alqasoumi SI, Abdel-Kader MS. Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Citrus limon essential oils. Phytomedicine. 2022; 99: 104331.
35. Białoń M, Krzyśko-Łupicka T, Płaza G, Szcześ A. Antimicrobial activity of lemon essential oil. Molecules. 2021; 26(16): 4880. doi:10.3390/molecules26164880.
36. Senevirathna N, Hassanpour M, O’Hara I, Karim A. Sustainable extraction of flavonoids from banana blossom. J Clean Prod. 2023; 401: 136958.
37. Devi R, Kumar R, Rani A, et al. Nutritional and pharmacological aspects of banana blossom. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2022; 13(2): 784–791.
38. Jamuna BB, Shobha MS, Sambaiah K, Salimath PV. Biochemical components and functional properties of banana flowers. J Food Sci Technol. 2014; 51(8): 1486–1493.
39. Sumathy V, Zakaria Z, Sasidharan S. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Musa acuminata flower extracts. Pharmacologyonline. 2011; 2: 118–127.
40. K. Patil J, Javesh S. Phytochemical investigation and study of immunomodulatory activity of banana flower. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2020; 10(5): 165–169.
41. Ramu R, Prasad MNN. In vivo antidiabetic properties of umbelliferone and lupeol. PLoS One. 2016; 11(3): e0151135.
42. Marta K-S, Agnieszka S, Halina E. Citrus limon (Lemon) – A source of bioactive compounds. Plants (Basel). 2020; 9(1): 119. doi:10.3390/plants9010119.
43. Samar AA, Nada AA, Marwa S, et al. Chemical composition and pharmacological potential of Citrus limon essential oils. Molecules. 2023; 28(3): 699.
44. Wael MA, El-Rashedy AA. Limonoids from Citrus limon peel: A review. Sci Rep. 2024; 14: 21478. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-71198-5.
45. Ernawita R, Wahyuono RA, Hesse J, et al. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of lemon peel extract. Antioxidants. 2017; 6(11): 1–15.
46. Mohammed SM, Abd-Almonuim AE, Majeed A, et al. Citrus peel pectin and glycemic control. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021; 14(10): 5355–5358.
47. Abolaji AO, Ilesanmi OR, Oyetayo BO, et al. Lemon peel extract attenuates diabetic complications. J Diet Suppl. 2023; 20(1): 88–101.
48. Bhowmik D, Gopinath H, Kumar BP, Duraivel S, Aravind G. Traditional and medicinal uses of banana. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013; 1(3): 51–63.
49. Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer; 2007.
50. Ko SY, Ko YJ, Hwang HS, et al. Effect of solvent polarity on banana flower extract. Nat Prod Res. 2019; 33(17): 2485–2490.
51. Oboh G, Ademosun AO. Optimization of ethanol extraction from banana inflorescence. J Food Process Preserv. 2016; 40(5): 1056–1063.
52. Rafiq S, Kaul R, Sofi SA, Bashir N, Nazir F, Ahmad Nayik G. Citrus peel as a source of functional ingredients. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2018; 17(4): 351–358.
53. Ghasemi K, Ghasemi Y, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Antioxidant activity of citrus peel extracts. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2009; 22(3): 277–281.
54. Toh J, Khoo HE, Azrina A. Influence of extraction parameters on lemon peel antioxidant activity. J Nutr Food Sci. 2021; 11(4): 100084.
55. Jawad M, Abed M, Ali A. Preparation and evaluation of citrus peel extracts. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2015; 6(5): 1095–1103.
56. Balaji Chandra Mouli J, Madhu C, Ramanji Reddy K, Jhansi Lakshmi P, Omar M. Comparative Studies on Phytochemical Screening and Metal analysis of alcoholic extracts of Musa acuminata, Actinidia deliciosa and Mangifera indica by using ICPOES and Flame Photometer. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2019; 9(2): 78–84. doi:10.5958/2231-5659.2019.00012.2.
57. Morris SS, Jeyabalan G, Jha AK, Verma S, Swarnkar Y. Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Anthelmintic activity of Seed Extracts of Plants Carum carvi of Family Apiaceae. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2016; 6(4): 246–254. doi:10.5958/2231-5659.2016.00036.9
58. Omanakuttan R, Indira G, Soorya LS. Comparative analysis of maceration and soxhlation for the extraction and preliminary phytochemical screening of the roots of Cassia fistula L. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2023; 13(3): 206–10. doi:10.52711/2231-5659.2023.00036.
59. Semwal P, Kapoor T, Singh RV. Comparative phytochemical screening of six different plant species of Uttarakhand region. Asian J Pharm Tech. 2014; 4(2): 50-52.
60. Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy: Techniques and Experiments. 19th ed. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 2008.
61. Ernawita, Wahyuono RA, Hesse J, Hipler UC, Elsner P, Böhm V. In vitro lipophilic antioxidant capacity, antidiabetic and antibacterial activity of citrus fruits extracts from Aceh, Indonesia. Antioxidants. 2017; 6(11): 1-15. DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010011.
62. Linus AU, Shagal MH, Nkafamiya II. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of Musa acuminata calla (banana blossom). J Chem Soc Nigeria. 2023; 48(5): 1015-1039. doi:10.46602/jcsn.v48i5.931.
63. Sumathy V, Lachumy SJ, Zakaria Z, Sasidharan S. In vitro bioactivity and phytochemical screening of Musa acuminata flower. Pharmacologyonline. 2011; 2: 118-127.
64. Linus AU, Shagal MH, Nkafamiya II. Phytochemical screening of banana blossom. J Chem Soc Nigeria. 2023; 48(5): 1015-1039.
65. Sumathy V, Lachumy SJ, Zakaria Z, Sasidharan S. Musa acuminata flower bioactivity. Pharmacologyonline. 2011; 2: 118-127.
66. Kavya MH, Manasa R, Deepika M, et al. Review on banana flower. IP J Nutr Metab Health Sci. 2023; 6(3): 110-115.
67. Bakshi G, Ananthanarayan L. Characterization of lemon peel powder. J Food Sci Technol. 2022; 59(7): 2535–44. doi:10.1007/ s13197-021-05270-7.
68. Rabade VS, Gurunani SG. Herbal tea powder: preparation and evaluation. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2021; 11(4): 107-113. doi:10.21276/ijpbs.2021.11.4.14.
69. Ubbor SC, Ekeh JI, Ndife J, Iguh BN. Herbal tea from Moringa/lemon peel. J Agric Food Sci. 2022; 20(1): 78-90.
70. Rabade VS, Gurunani SG. Herbal tea powder: preparation and evaluation. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2021; 11(4): 107–113. doi:10.21276/ijpbs.2021.11.4.14.
71. Sharma R, Kumari N, Ashawat MS, Verma CPS. Standardization and Phytochemical Screening analysis for Herbal Extracts: Zingiber officinalis Rosc., Curcuma longa Linn., Cinnamonum zeylanicum Nees., Piper longum Linn., Boerhaavia diffussa Linn. Asian J Pharm Technol. 2020; 10(3): 127–133. doi:10.5958/2231-5713.2020.00022.7.
72. Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy: Techniques and Experiments. 19th ed. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 2008.
73. Thamizharasi Suresh, Shankari Vellaisamy, Parvatha Raja Kumaran VS, Chetan Ashok. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of leaves of Raphanus sativus Linn. Asian J Pharm Res. 2024; 14(1): 25–32. doi:10.52711/2231-5691.2024.00004.
74. Shekhara Naik R, et al. Nutritional and health value of banana flowers. Unpublished; 2023.
75. Ubbor SC, Ekeh JI, Ndife J, Iguh BN. Herbal tea from Moringa/lemon peel. J Agric Food Sci. 2022; 20(1): 78–90.
76. Ernawita R, Wahyuono RA, Hesse J, et al. Antioxidant/ antidiabetic citrus extracts. Antioxidants. 2017; 6(11): 1–15. doi:10.3390/antiox6010011.
77. Roy A, Bhoumik D, Sahu RK, Dwivedi J. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Sesbania grandiflora leaves extracts. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2014; 4(1): 16-21.
78. Tiwari P, Patel RK. Estimation of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Ashwagandharishta prepared by traditional and modern methods. Asian J Pharm Ana. 2013; 3(4): 147-152.